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糖尿病患者下肢神经传导功能异常的特征分析
 

糖尿病患者下肢神经传导功能异常的特征分析

2011-08-29 访问量:172
糖尿病患者下肢神经传导功能异常的特征分析

 

作者:邱志茹 张炳谦 王少平    作者单位:1) 郑州市第一人民医院肌电图室 郑州 450004 2)郑州大学第一附属医院神经电生理室 郑州 450052
【摘要】  目的 探讨糖尿病患者下肢神经传导功能异常的特征。方法 搜集223例T2DM患者下肢神经传导检测资料,分析腓深、腓肠、胫神经传导功能。结果 (1)158例神经传导异常,异常率70.85%,糖尿病病史1年内、1~4年、5~9年、10~30年异常率分别为61.54%、67.5%、71.19%、79.41%。(2)上述三神经传导速度(NCV)异常率分别为20.67%、16.86%、16.28%;腓深、胫神经波幅异常率为19.94%、11.73%,其末梢潜伏时(DL)异常率为8.94%、5.57%。(3)NCV减慢伴波幅降低和(或)DL延长占47.47%,单纯运动神经(MN)波幅降低占29.75%,单纯NCV减慢占16.46%, DL延长和(或)波幅降低占6.35%。结论 (1)T2DM患者随病史延长,糖尿病周围神经病(DPN)发病率升高。(2)T2DM患者下肢神经中,腓深神经较易受累,腓肠神经次之,胫神经受累率低于前两者;在判断MN传导功能指标中,敏感性由高至低依次为NCV、波幅、DL。(3)DPN中,NCV减慢伴随波幅降低和(或)DL延长发生率高于单纯NCV减慢。

【关键词】  糖尿病周围神经病;神经传导速度;末梢潜伏时

Analysis of the abnormal characteristic of low extremity nerves′ conduction function in diabetes patients Qiu Zhiru,Zhang Bingqian,Wang Shaoping. EMG Room,the First People′s Hospital of Zhengzhou City, Zhengzhou 450004, China

  【Abstract】 Objective To explore the abnormal characteristic of diabetics′ low extremity nerves′ conduction function.Methods Detection data about 223 diabetics′ low extremity nerves′ conduction were chosen. Their deep peroneal nerve, sural nerve and tibial nerve were retrospectively analyzed.Results (1)One hundred and fiftyeight patients′ nerve conduction was abnormal. The abnormal rate was 70.85%. And the rate in history of diabetes 1 year, 1 to 4 years,5 to 9 years, above 10 to 30 years were 61.54%, 67.5%, 71.19%, 79.41% respectively.(2)The rate in nerve conduction velocity (NCV) of the three nerves were 20.67%, 16.86%, 16.28% respectively,which in amplitude of deep peroneal nerve and tibial nerve were 19.94%,11.73%,and in their distal latency(DL) were 8.94%,5.57%.(3)The rate, which NCV reduced combining with amplitude degraded and (or) DL prolonged, was 47.47%,which in degraded amplitude of motor nerve was 29.75%. NCV reduced simply was 16.46%. DL prolonged and (or) amplitude degraded was 6.35%.Conclusion (1)The incidence of diabetic peripheral neuropathy(DPN) increases as history prolongs.(2)In diabetics′ low extremity nerves, deep peroneal nerve is the most easily affected, sural nerve is the second and tibial nerve is the third. In factors to estimate the motor nerve conduction function, NCV is more sensitive than amplitude, while the latter is more sensitive than DL.(3)The frequency of NCV reduced combining with amplitude degraded and (or) DL prolonged is higher than that of NCV slowed simply in DPN.

  【Key words】 Diabetic peripheral neuropathy; Nerve conduction velocity; Distal latency

  据报道2000年全球已有1.5亿糖尿病患者[1]。本文就糖尿病患者下肢神经传导功能异常特征进行总结分析,以期早期诊断DPN,积极进行干预治疗。

  1 材料与方法

  1.1 一般资料 资料来源于200901—06住院的223例T2DM患者,对其已测双下肢腓深、胫、腓肠神经传导速度进行分析,统计NCV、远端肌肉动作电位波幅(简称波幅)和DL。神经传导采用表面电极记录,感觉传导采用顺向法。NCV<40 m/s,DL>6 ms,波幅<2 mV判为异常。

  1.2 统计学方法 用Excel软件,对数据进行处理分析。

  2 结果

  神经传导异常158例,DPN发病率70.85%。病史1年内、1~4年、5~9年、10~30年,DNP发病率分别为61.54%、67.5%、71.19%、79.41%。

  各神经出现异常次数统计结果见表1。75例NCV减慢伴波幅降低和(或)DL延长,47例仅波幅降低,26例仅NCV减慢,10例DL延长和(或)波幅降低,所占比率分别为47.47%、29.75%、16.46%、6.35%。表1 158例T2DM患者下肢神经传导异常者各神经出现异常次数

  3 讨论

  DPN的发病率各家报道存在差异,随着神经电生理检测技术的发展,可检出更多的亚临床病例。糖尿病性神经病变主要为周围神经轴突变性和(或)脱髓鞘[2],下肢较上肢易受累。本文搜集223例T2DM患者,年龄23~85岁,糖尿病病史1个月~30年。病史1年内、1~4年、5~9年、10~30年神经传导功能异常率分别为61.54%、67.5%、71.19%、79.41%,随病史延长DPN发病率增高。

  有报道DPN可累及感觉神经、运动神经和自主神经[3],以感觉神经受累最为常见[4],但本文发现,腓深神经较易受累,腓肠神经次之,胫神经受累率低于前两者;胫、腓神经的波幅和NCV异常率均高于DL,而NCV异常率又高于波幅,可见在判断运动神经传导功能指标中,敏感性由高至低依次为NCV、波幅和DL,此结论与蔡松良等[4]观点一致。本文所指波幅为运动神经远端肌肉动作电位波幅,感觉神经波幅差异较大,本文未加统计。传导功能异常者中, NCV减慢伴波幅降低和(或)DL延长占47.47%,单纯波幅降低占16.46%,可见NCV减慢伴随波幅降低和(或)DL延长发生率要高于单纯NCV减慢。

【参考文献】
   [1] Wild S, Roglic G, Green A, et al .Global prevalence of diabetes: estimates for the year 2000 and projections for 2030[J]. Diabetes care, 2004, 27:1 0471 053.

  [2] 汤晓芙,崔丽英,万新华 .神经系统临床电生理学(下)[M] .北京:人民军医出版社,2002:1.

  [3] 胡逢来.糖尿病自主神经病变临床分析[J] .中国实用神经疾病杂志,2008,11(1):1416.

  [4] Llewelyn JG. The diabetic neuropathies: types, diagnosis and management [J].Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry, 2003, 74(2):1519.

 
 

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